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Othello error
Othello error occurs when a suspicious observer discounts cues of truthfulness, given the observer's need to conform his/her observations of suspicions of deception. Essentially the Othello error occurs, Paul Ekman states, "when the lie catcher fails to consider that a truthful person who is under stress may appear to be lying"〔Ekman, P. ''Telling Lies'' (1985)〕 their non-verbal signals expressing their worry at the possibility of being disbelieved.〔K. D. Harrison, ''Forensic Interviewing'' (2013) p. 76〕 A lie-detector may be deceived in the same way, by misinterpreting nervous signals from a truthful person.〔K. Fiedler, ''Social Communication'' (2011) p. 327〕
== History ==
The phrase Othello error was first used in the book “Telling Lies” by Paul Ekman in 1985. The name was coined from Shakespeare’s play “Othello” which provides an “excellent and famous example” of what can happen when fear and distress upon confrontation do not signal deception. In Shakespeare's Othello, Othello falsely believes that his wife,Desdmona, has been cheating on him with another man. There, upon confronting his wife, Desdemona, about her love for another, she cries and denies, all the while aware that her mien will be taken as evidence of guilt by her jealous husband. Seeing his wife’s emotional distress, Othello ignores alternative, innocent explanations—like the possibility that she did not love another—and kills her, as his preconceptions biased his observation and, therefore, his judgments.
Othello made the mistake of assuming that he understood the source of Desdemona’s anguish. He assumed that his wife’s sobs when confronted were a sign of her guilt; he didn’t understand that her grief was rooted not in guilt, but in her knowledge that there was no way to convince her husband of her innocence
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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